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The famous "Tora, Tora, Tora" (Tiger, Tiger, Tiger) Morse code message, indicating that the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor had been successful, was transmitted by Commander Mitsuo Fuchida at approximately 7:53 a.m. Hawaii time on December 7, 1941. This signaled the start of the second wave of the attack, confirming complete surprise was achieved.
Would you like to know the specific time the first wave of the attack actually began?
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In 1941, Hawaii observed Hawaiian Standard Time (HST) with a unique offset of UTC−10:30. While the CIA's Standard Time Zones map typically reflects current whole-hour offsets (like Hawaii's modern UTC−10:00), using the historical 10.5-hour difference puts the "Tora! Tora! Tora!" message (sent at 7:53 a.m. Hawaii time) at the following times across standard global zones:
GMT / UTC (Zero Meridian): 6:23 p.m.
Eastern Standard Time (EST / UTC−5): 1:23 p.m.
Central Standard Time (CST / UTC−6): 12:23 p.m.
Mountain Standard Time (MST / UTC−7): 11:23 a.m.
Pacific Standard Time (PST / UTC−8): 10:23 a.m.
Tokyo Standard Time (JST / UTC+9): 3:23 a.m. on Monday, December 8
The message was sent just minutes after the first bombs fell, and because of the time difference, many in the U.S. East Coast heard the news during their Sunday afternoon radio programs.
Would you like to know how the U.S. military's "War Time" (DST) changed these offsets just a few months later in 1942?
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To provide every possible time, we must use the historical 1941 offset. On December 7, 1941, Hawaii did not use its modern UTC−10:00 offset; it used Hawaiian Standard Time (HST), which was UTC−10:30.
Using the 7:53 a.m. HST transmission of the "Tora! Tora! Tora!" message as the anchor, here is the time across the globe for every standard offset (UTC−12 to UTC+12):
Western Hemisphere (Sunday, Dec 7, 1941)
UTC−11:00 (Samoa): 7:23 a.m.
UTC−10:30 (Hawaii / HST): 7:53 a.m. (The Message Sent)
UTC−10:00 (Modern Hawaii Offset): 8:23 a.m.
UTC−9:00 (Alaska Standard Time): 9:23 a.m.
UTC−8:00 (Pacific Standard Time - PST): 10:23 a.m.
UTC−7:00 (Mountain Standard Time - MST): 11:23 a.m.
UTC−6:00 (Central Standard Time - CST): 12:23 p.m.
UTC−5:00 (Eastern Standard Time - EST): 1:23 p.m.
UTC−4:00 (Atlantic Standard Time): 2:23 p.m.
UTC−3:00 (Brazil/Greenland): 3:23 p.m.
UTC−2:00 (Mid-Atlantic): 4:23 p.m.
UTC−1:00 (Azores/Cape Verde): 5:23 p.m.
Europe & Africa (Sunday, Dec 7, 1941)
UTC±0:00 (GMT / London): 6:23 p.m.
UTC+1:00 (CET / Berlin / Paris): 7:23 p.m.
UTC+2:00 (EET / Cairo / Jerusalem): 8:23 p.m.
UTC+3:00 (Moscow / East Africa): 9:23 p.m.
Asia & Oceania (Monday, Dec 8, 1941)
Crucial: These regions were across the International Date Line.
UTC+4:00 (Dubai / Samara): 10:23 p.m. (Sunday)
UTC+5:00 (Karachi / Tashkent): 11:23 p.m. (Sunday)
UTC+6:00 (Dhaka / Omsk): 12:23 a.m.
UTC+7:00 (Bangkok / Jakarta): 1:23 a.m.
UTC+8:00 (Manila / Singapore / Beijing): 2:23 a.m.
UTC+9:00 (Tokyo / Seoul): 3:23 a.m.
UTC+10:00 (Sydney / Guam): 4:23 a.m.
UTC+11:00 (Solomon Islands / Magadan): 5:23 a.m.
UTC+12:00 (Auckland / Fiji): 6:23 a.m.
Would you like to know how the timing of the "Tora! Tora! Tora!" message compared to the start of the Japanese invasion of Malaya, which actually happened earlier that same morning?
was trying to find interesting angles of the pearl harbor bombing. these 5 watched ...
Attack on Pearl Harbor - Wikipedia
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Hawaii used Hawaiian Standard Time (HST), UTC−10:30, on December 7, 1941, until shifting to UTC−10:00 in 1947.[1][2] The first wave of the Pearl Harbor attack began around 7:48–7:55 a.m. HST, with Commander Mitsuo Fuchida transmitting the "Tora! Tora! Tora!" Morse code success signal at precisely 7:53 a.m. HST to confirm surprise.[2][3][4]
## Attack Timeline
- Radar at Opana Point detected the incoming first wave at 7:40 a.m. HST, but it was dismissed as expected B-17 bombers.[5]
- First bombs and torpedoes fell at 7:48–7:55 a.m. HST; USS Arizona exploded at 8:10 a.m.[3][6]
- Second wave arrived at 8:54 a.m., ending around 9:45 a.m.; total duration about 110 minutes.[6][5]
## Global Times (7:53 a.m. HST)
Using historical UTC−10:30, the signal equated to 18:23 UTC on December 7.[3][5]
| Time Zone | Local Time (Dec 7/8) |
|-----------|---------------------|
| EST (UTC−5) | 1:23 p.m. Dec 7 [2] |
| PST (UTC−8) | 10:23 a.m. Dec 7 [2] |
| GMT (UTC) | 6:23 p.m. Dec 7 [2] |
| JST (UTC+9) | 3:23 a.m. Dec 8 [2] |
## War Time Changes
In February 1942, the U.S. enacted year-round Daylight Saving Time ("War Time") starting February 9: clocks advanced one hour across zones (e.g., EST became EWT UTC−4).[7][8] Hawaii began DST then too (HDT UTC−9:30), lasting until 1945.[1][9]
## Interesting Angles
- Malaya invasion started just after midnight Dec 8 JST (still Dec 7 HST), hours ahead of Pearl Harbor due to date line—Japanese hit multiple targets simultaneously.[10]
- U.S. fired first: USS Ward sank a midget sub at 6:37 a.m. HST, over an hour pre-attack.[11]
- No third wave: Nagumo withdrew to avoid risks, sparing oil tanks and docks that let U.S. recover fast.[3]
- Radar warning ignored; cryptanalysts decoded Japan's war hint but alerts arrived late.[5]
Citations:
[1] Time Zone and DST of Honolulu United States Over Years
[2] [PDF] Mitsuo Fuchida - livingstone fellowship
[3] Attack on Pearl Harbor Timeline | World War II, Naval Base, Hawaii ...
[4] Mitsuo Fuchida - Wikipedia
[5] Attack on Pearl Harbor - Wikipedia
[6] Facts about Pearl Harbor
[7] On this day in history, February 9, 1942 feds enact Daylight Saving ...
[8] "War Time" Daylight Saving Begins: February 9, 1942
[9] Daylight Saving Time Changes 1941 in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
[10] Asia Pacific 1941: Pearl Harbor and its Aftermath - Omniatlas
[11] 14 Interesting Pearl Harbor Facts | Oahu Attack & USS Arizona
[12] Hawaii–Aleutian Time Zone - Wikipedia
[13] Timeline, Facts and Stats of the Attack on Pearl Harbor - Britannica
[14] Pearl Harbor - Facts, Background & Timeline | Holocaust Encyclopedia
[15] 289: This Week: Tora! Tora! Tora!, Pearl Harbor, Wake Island
[16] 9 Things You Might Not Know About the Attack on Pearl Harbor
[17] Tora! Tora! Tora! - The Preacher Pollard Blog
[18] UTC to HAST Converter - Savvy Time World Clock
[19] Tora! Tora! Tora! - Wikipedia
Cipher dial
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Yellow (inner ring — A — shift -12 / +14)
Input
9/11 Towers Collapse Timeline (EDT, UTC-4) South Tower (WTC 2): 9:59 a.m. North Tower (WTC 1): 10:28 a.m. Global Times (Sep 11, 2001) Time Zone | South Tower (9:59am EDT) | North Tower (10:28am EDT) ----------|---------------------------|---------------------------- HST (UTC-10) | 6:59 a.m. | 7:28 a.m. PST (UTC-8) | 6:59 a.m. | 7:28 a.m. MST (UTC-7) | 7:59 a.m. | 8:28 a.m. CST (UTC-6) | 8:59 a.m. | 9:28 a.m. EDT (UTC-4) | 9:59 a.m. | 10:28 a.m. GMT/UTC | 1:59 p.m. | 2:28 p.m. CET (UTC+2) | 3:59 p.m. | 4:28 p.m. JST (UTC+9) | 10:59 p.m.| 11:28 p.m.
Run
Clear
Output
9/11 Hcksfg Qczzodgs Hwaszwbs (SRH, IHQ-4) Gcihv Hcksf (KHQ 2): 9:59 o.a. Bcfhv Hcksf (KHQ 1): 10:28 o.a. Uzcpoz Hwasg (Gsd 11, 2001) Hwas Ncbs | Gcihv Hcksf (9:59oa SRH) | Bcfhv Hcksf (10:28oa SRH) ----------|---------------------------|---------------------------- VGH (IHQ-10) | 6:59 o.a. | 7:28 o.a. DGH (IHQ-8) | 6:59 o.a. | 7:28 o.a. AGH (IHQ-7) | 7:59 o.a. | 8:28 o.a. QGH (IHQ-6) | 8:59 o.a. | 9:28 o.a. SRH (IHQ-4) | 9:59 o.a. | 10:28 o.a. UAH/IHQ | 1:59 d.a. | 2:28 d.a. QSH (IHQ+2) | 3:59 d.a. | 4:28 d.a. XGH (IHQ+9) | 10:59 d.a.| 11:28 d.a.
Notes: Only A–Z letters are transformed; other characters preserved. Shifts are applied modulo 26.
Cipher dial
Mode
Encode
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Blue (middle ring — J — shift -11 / +15)
Input
9/11 Towers Collapse Timeline (EDT, UTC-4) South Tower (WTC 2): 9:59 a.m. North Tower (WTC 1): 10:28 a.m. Global Times (Sep 11, 2001) Time Zone | South Tower (9:59am EDT) | North Tower (10:28am EDT) ----------|---------------------------|---------------------------- HST (UTC-10) | 6:59 a.m. | 7:28 a.m. PST (UTC-8) | 6:59 a.m. | 7:28 a.m. MST (UTC-7) | 7:59 a.m. | 8:28 a.m. CST (UTC-6) | 8:59 a.m. | 9:28 a.m. EDT (UTC-4) | 9:59 a.m. | 10:28 a.m. GMT/UTC | 1:59 p.m. | 2:28 p.m. CET (UTC+2) | 3:59 p.m. | 4:28 p.m. JST (UTC+9) | 10:59 p.m.| 11:28 p.m.
Run
Clear
Output
9/11 Idltgh Rdaapeht Ixbtaxct (TSI, JIR-4) Hdjiw Idltg (LIR 2): 9:59 p.b. Cdgiw Idltg (LIR 1): 10:28 p.b. Vadqpa Ixbth (Hte 11, 2001) Ixbt Odct | Hdjiw Idltg (9:59pb TSI) | Cdgiw Idltg (10:28pb TSI) ----------|---------------------------|---------------------------- WHI (JIR-10) | 6:59 p.b. | 7:28 p.b. EHI (JIR-8) | 6:59 p.b. | 7:28 p.b. BHI (JIR-7) | 7:59 p.b. | 8:28 p.b. RHI (JIR-6) | 8:59 p.b. | 9:28 p.b. TSI (JIR-4) | 9:59 p.b. | 10:28 p.b. VBI/JIR | 1:59 e.b. | 2:28 e.b. RTI (JIR+2) | 3:59 e.b. | 4:28 e.b. YHI (JIR+9) | 10:59 e.b.| 11:28 e.b.
Notes: Only A–Z letters are transformed; other characters preserved. Shifts are applied modulo 26.
Cipher dial
Mode
Encode
Decode
Use hand
Red (middle ring — S — shift +14)
Input
9/11 Towers Collapse Timeline (EDT, UTC-4) South Tower (WTC 2): 9:59 a.m. North Tower (WTC 1): 10:28 a.m. Global Times (Sep 11, 2001) Time Zone | South Tower (9:59am EDT) | North Tower (10:28am EDT) ----------|---------------------------|---------------------------- HST (UTC-10) | 6:59 a.m. | 7:28 a.m. PST (UTC-8) | 6:59 a.m. | 7:28 a.m. MST (UTC-7) | 7:59 a.m. | 8:28 a.m. CST (UTC-6) | 8:59 a.m. | 9:28 a.m. EDT (UTC-4) | 9:59 a.m. | 10:28 a.m. GMT/UTC | 1:59 p.m. | 2:28 p.m. CET (UTC+2) | 3:59 p.m. | 4:28 p.m. JST (UTC+9) | 10:59 p.m.| 11:28 p.m.
Run
Clear
Output
9/11 Hcksfg Qczzodgs Hwaszwbs (SRH, IHQ-4) Gcihv Hcksf (KHQ 2): 9:59 o.a. Bcfhv Hcksf (KHQ 1): 10:28 o.a. Uzcpoz Hwasg (Gsd 11, 2001) Hwas Ncbs | Gcihv Hcksf (9:59oa SRH) | Bcfhv Hcksf (10:28oa SRH) ----------|---------------------------|---------------------------- VGH (IHQ-10) | 6:59 o.a. | 7:28 o.a. DGH (IHQ-8) | 6:59 o.a. | 7:28 o.a. AGH (IHQ-7) | 7:59 o.a. | 8:28 o.a. QGH (IHQ-6) | 8:59 o.a. | 9:28 o.a. SRH (IHQ-4) | 9:59 o.a. | 10:28 o.a. UAH/IHQ | 1:59 d.a. | 2:28 d.a. QSH (IHQ+2) | 3:59 d.a. | 4:28 d.a. XGH (IHQ+9) | 10:59 d.a.| 11:28 d.a.
Notes: Only A–Z letters are transformed; other characters preserved. Shifts are applied modulo 26.
how does NATO define sovereign hands
NATO does not define "sovereign hands" as a formal term in its doctrine, treaties, or publications. The phrase appears absent from official NATO glossaries, strategic concepts, or operational guidelines based on available context.
## Context in NATO Operations
NATO emphasizes member states' full sovereignty, with national forces under "national command" even when "transferred temporarily" to NATO operational control.[1] "Red-card holders" (senior national representatives) retain veto authority over their troops' use, preserving sovereignty.[1]
## Possible Interpretation
"Sovereign hands" may refer informally to national control mechanisms like red-card authority, where countries hold ultimate decision power. No direct NATO definition exists; sovereignty remains with individual Allies.[1][2]
Citations:
[1] NATO
[2] NATO's role in capability development
[3] To Ensure Its Security, Europe Needs a Stronger Hand in NATO
[4] NATO's purpose
[5] NATO at (Yet Another) Crossroads - PA TIMES Online
[6] An Alliance Divided? Five Factors That Could Fracture NATO
[7] for all the criticism and hand wringing, nato continues to serve a ...
[8] Von der Leyen rebukes NATO chief over 'no security without US ...
[9] About NATO