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A FORMER CORONER S AIDE WHO CLAIM HE WAS FORCED TO SIGN MARILYN MONROE S DEATH CERTIFICATE SAID TODAY A FILE ON THE ACTRESS WAS ALTERED AND THAT HER DIARY DISAPPEARED FROM A SAFE
Document Type:
CREST
Collection:
General CIA Records
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP90-00552R000201040037-6
Release Decision:
RIPPUB
Original Classification:
K
Document Page Count:
1
Document Creation Date:
December 22, 2016
Document Release Date:
July 1, 2010
Sequence Number:
37
Case Number:
Publication Date:
August 26, 1982
Content Type:
OPEN SOURCE
File:
Attachment Size
PDF icon CIA-RDP90-00552R000201040037-6.pdf 73.41 KB
Body:
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/07/01: CIA-RDP90-00552R000201040037-6 Reuters i August 26, 1982' ILOS AUSFLES 'By Ronald Clarke, -A former coroner's aide who-claims he was forced to sign Marilyn Monroe's death cei?tificate said today a file an the actress was altered and that her diary disappeared from a safe. Lionel Grandison told a news conference he leafed through the diary and it contained references to a plot to kill Cuban leader Fidel Castro and also to President John F. Kennedy and to Senator Robert Kennedy. He gave no details. Miss Monroe died 20 years ago aged 36 of what the coroner's office said then was a self-induced overdose of barbiturates. Rewards of up to $100,000 were offered recently for the diary. Private detective Milo Speriglio said he had evidence the diary included entries saying that Robert Kennedy told Miss Monroe of a CIA plot to kill Castro. Speriglio said he believed a dissident CIA faction murdered Miss Monroe before she could reveal the plot. "The diary was put in a safe one day, and when we opened the safe the next day, it was gone," Grandison said. He said in the days following the discovery of Miss Monroe's body in her Los Angles home, people he believed were from the CIA came to the coroner's office. "Three or four people came in to investigate Marilyn's file. You can tell the. difference between a police office and a heavyweight," said Grandison, now an aC'vertising executive. Asked about his previous claim he was coerced into signing the death certificate,- he said he was ordered to sign it and it was implied that if he did not he would be dismissed. He said he was reluctant to sign because of the absence of a report from the coroner's suicide investigators and of reports normally available for Inspection. He claitcd the file on Miss Monroe was altered several times and a diagram Of her body was renoved from the file. Graudis.on said his arrest six months after Miss Monroe died on a charge o stealing a credit card may have been arranged. "I was asking too many questions," he said. The Los A:;geles district attorney's office announced two weeks ago it was trying to establish the chain of events in the last 24 hours of Miss Mon roe's life. The county Board of Supervisors requested the office to investigate claims made by Lrandison. Grandison said today he 'iad still. not been contacted by the District Attorney's office. A spokesman for the office refused to comment. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/07/01 : CIA-RDP90-00552R000201040037-6 .
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Search formSearch Query for FOIA ERR:
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THE ADAM AND EVE STORY
Document Type:
CREST
Collection:
General CIA Records
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP79B00752A000300070001-8
Release Decision:
RIPPUB
Original Classification:
K
Document Page Count:
57
Document Creation Date:
December 27, 2016
Document Release Date:
June 24, 2013
Sequence Number:
1
Case Number:
Publication Date:
January 1, 1966
Content Type:
MISC
File:
Attachment Size
PDF icon CIA-RDP79B00752A000300070001-8.pdf 2.19 MB
Body:
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/24: CIA-RDP79B00752A000300070001-8 tho' ? * Nos' THE ADAM and EVE STORY by Chan Thomas Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/24: CIA-RDP79B00752A000300070001-8 STAT Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/24: CIA-RDP79B00752A000300070001-8 CROSS SECTION OF EARTH I Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/24: ICIA-RDP79B00752A000300070001-8 I Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/24': CIA-RD1:179B00752A000300070001-8 - )(five '1 THE PASSIONS & PERILS OF NATIONHOOD EOR sheer and pervasive fervor, the love of nationhood has no equal among contemporary political passions. Independence is the fetish, fad and totem of the times. Everybody who can muster a quorum in a colony wants Freedom Now?and such is the temper of the age that they can usually have it. Roughly one-third of the world, some 1 billion people, have run up their own flags in the great dismantlement of empires since World War II, creating 60 new nations over the face of the earth. In the process they have also created, for themselves and for the world, a congeries of unstable and uneasy entities that are usually kept alive only by economic aid and stand constantly on the verge of erupting into turmoil. Nationhood is not an easy art to master, as Ghana, Nigeria and Indonesia have painfully learned in recent weeks. Their troubles are particularly instructive, for most of the world's new nations do not have anything approaching even the modest resources of Ghana, Nigeria or Indonesia. Most of them are poor, primitive and ill-equipped for so much as the basics of nationhood. Some have capital cities that are not cities at all and government ministers who have not learned to administer. Government, in fact, is usually the biggest, and sometimes the only, industry in many new countries?and corruption is a way of life. Many of the new nations do not have minimal communications and transpor- tation, or enough educated men to fill a new country's needs. In some cases, arbitrary national boundaries cut across ethnic groups, mock the rational use of resources, and defy any foreseeable hope of achieving distinct national identity. Because it bears the heaviest legacy of colonialism, Africa teems with more new nation afflictions than anywhere else. But the problem of nations that are really not nations by any reasonable standards is worldwide: Latin America has British Guiana, which wants to go its own way on a shoe- string; the Middle East has Yemen. Asia has its Laos and its Maldive Islands, neither of which makes much sense as a nation. In a different but equally difficult category is Pakistan, bigger and more populous than the others but separated into two parts by 1,000 miles of unfriendly land. Heritage & Revolution The problem is going to get worse long before it gets better. More new non-nations are waiting impatiently in the wings; Bechuanaland, Basutoland, British Guiana and Mauri- tius are all due to become independent this year, and Swazi- land and South Arabia will follow soon afterward. Britain's Lord Caradon recently reported to the United Nations Gen- eral Assembly that 50 colonial territories still remained to be freed around the world-31 in the British Empire alone. Since, in general, the weakest and least viable colonies are the last to be turned loose, the prospect is staggering. All of them, of course, soon apply for membership in the United Nations, where their equal voting power with such big na- tions as the U.S. and Russia has caused a whole new set of problems. This incongruous situation has moved Secretary- General U Thant to suggest that perhaps the U.N. might want to reconsider its criteria for admission in view of what he tactfully called "the recent phenomenon of the emer- gence of exceptionally small new states." Former U.N. offi- cial and Columbia University Dean Andrew Cordier puts it much more bluntly: "The concept of nationhood will be extended to absurdity," he says, if what he calls the "micro- states" become full-fledged nations. What constitutes a nation? Among political scientists, def- initions differ. Johns Hopkins' Dr. Vernon McKay says that "a nation is a group ot people who have a feeling of nation- hood, based on common historical tradition, common cul- tural interests and, usually, common language." Rutgers Pro- fessor Neil McDonald suggests that the measure of a nation 38 is "its capacity to maintain some kind of autonomy?politi- cal and economic?against its environment." The most sen- sible test of a nation's viability would seem to be economic sufficiency: the ability to support its people without massive outside aid. Such is not the case nowadays. Many statesmen and political scientists believe, in fact, that the whole idea of a "viable nation" is a 19th century concept that is no longer applicable. "Logic and nationalism rarely commingle," says University of Chicago's William Polk. "Nations don't go out of business in the 20th century just because of their appar- ent logical absurdity." The great postwar proliferation of such international agencies as the U.N. and the international development banks, the competition for loyalties in the cold war and, above all, the staying power of foreign aid practi- cally ensure survival for any nation that wins independence, however great its problems. Anyone with half a chance gets a whole chance, as evidenced by the nearly $7 billion doled out to the new nations from the industrialized West and $500 million each year from the Communist bloc. . Furthermore, no one seriously questions the right of peo- ples to become nations, or suggests that they lapse into co- lonialism. Ever since Woodrow Wilson, self-determination has been the dominant political philosophy of the 20th cen- tury. The problem is, though, that right does not necessarily make might. In order to progress beyond mere survival, the new nations need a measure of economic heft and political substance, a chance to make sense in the long run by matur- ing into nations worthy of the name. Far too many of them raise their flags with little but a flagpole to go on. Consid- ering only their economic demerits, World Bank President George Woods has estimated that 30 of the world's under- developed nations are at least "generations" away from any- thing resembling self-sustenance. If today's world map looks like a conglomerate glob of silly putty, smashed by a hammer and stuck together again, it is because the new nations are in large part literally and lineally the heirs of their colonial history. Physically, they are artifacts of 19th century imperialism's division of the spoils, confined within arbitrary frontiers contrived by co- lonial mapmakers. Psychologically, they are the heirs of Europe's own fierce nationalism, which fueled the race for empire. As 19th century British Philosopher Walter Bagehot observed, political man is a highly imitative animal. The sub- jugated peoples of the empires resented and rejected colonial- ism, but they assimilated and accepted much of its trappings, casting about for the same status symbols that their masters had. This deep psychological need to cut the figure of na- tionhood for all to see is responsible for the imposing gov- ernment palaces, the parliamentary maces, the conspicuous Rolls-Royces, . the Western-run "national" airlines and the gleaming chancelleries that exist in many young nations that can hardly afford to print money on their own. An Exhausting Task The new nations are created so quickly and usually with such a lack of rational preparation that they spawn problems never faced by most of the older countries, which evolved their own nationhoods over centuries. The empire builders, for example, never were lashed by the obligation to improve the standard of living of those they ruled. Today the leaders of a new nation are soon in trouble if they do not do so? visibly and dramatically. They confront not one but several revolutions at once?political, economic, social, technologi- cal?and are thereby called on to make choices that West- ern statesmen never had to make. The evidence of how dif- ficult those choices are, and of how unprepared the new na- tions are to make them, is everywhere at hand. Simply getting a country in business at all can be a formi- dable task. Mauritania, for example, is practically a movable TIME, MARCH 11, 1966 nprdassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/24 : CIA-RDP79B00752A000300070001-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/24: CIA-RDP79B00752A000300070001-8 vegetables from the zone, or or arum- jority?a margin Mal 110W St:AIMS ALL,t ing milk from there." Just to be on the mere three. In that election, Wilson's The Nuke Fluke safe side, the U.S. dug up 1,500 cubic fortunes had not been helped by his tep- Washington held off any announce- yards of contaminated topsoil and to- utation as the voice of Labor's left and as a scheming opportunist. Labor's cur- rent confidence is largely the result of Wilson's emergence as something far different. Defending the Pound. In office, Wil- son has proved to be a man of the mid- dle?and that is where the votes are in today's affluent Britain. To be sure, Wil- son's government has raised pensions, liberalized the national health-insurance scheme, and instituted long-range na- tional economic planning. But the steel industry has not been nationalized. He has kicked the unions far harder than any Conservative would have dared, castigating Britain's raise-happy workers for "sheer damn laziness." And he has SPAIN ment, waiting for Spain to make the mato plants and made plans to ship first statement. Spain held off, nervous- them back to a radioactive-waste dump ly uncertain of what to say. Finally, in Aiken, S.C., for diplomatic burial. last week?some 44 days after the As for the bomb that was still miss- event?the two countries officially an- ing, the searchers seemed prepared to nounced what the whole world had been continue the hunt indefinitely. Was there discussing for the past six weeks: that a chance its radioactive contents were the U.S. had indeed misplaced one leaking into Spain's coastal waters? H-bomb. With Spain's big tourist season about The nuke was one of four that fell to begin, it was a horrifying thought. over southern Spain Jan. 17, when a U.S. Ambassador Angier Biddle Duke's U.S. Air Force B-52 collided with a duty was clear. To prove the safety refueling tanker. The first three bombs of Spanish shores, he made a date ?and four crew members?were quick- with Spain's Information and Tourism ly recovered. The fourth bomb was still Minister to take a chilly 59? F. Med- missing. Though the bombs were un- iterranean dip this week?with their armed and protected by racliaticta-prooi fwes and children?in the water off Pllomare.%" 4+ w _....___,CENTRAL PRESS?PICTORIAL 'OREAT BRITAIN , INVO=6 On 01.14' Way, Brothers!" qt as .4 Scene that could happen only ni the House pf Commons..There? orr Ole r nt row skawled the Brirne Mitii0er, s feet,propPed on the table beside the, ?!spat-eh box,, where his Chavellor or Ile .Eccheqtker droned "len sonorougty botit 'Britain's finances. ? From the 41nrneti beaches to both sides of the amhet carve ''.,a Cacopbony )'of hoots abct jeers. It 'got louder 'and-louder as J4m,es`,;C4Ilaghan spelled put the politi- ctil package that be gnd Harold Wilson bad designed tc,. pteast the public. First, hil pfotti4s 'ed,that there would be no ma- jolt' tax increases for the average wage net. On the Tory benches the jeer- gtew louder. Next, Callaghan an- trneed a tak on upp4-91ass forms of mbling (horseS4, easinos), which, he tk. ? ed brightly, Would be used to I 1` WitsoN ?, lime kulA4 e the cost of mortgages for low- ern home owners. "-.44.66114111"6"`"-'1P 'Something Different. Then came the biggest surprise. Britain, said Callaghan, would switch from the traditional pounds, shillings and pence to decimal currency in 1971. By now the Tories were in full cry. "An uproarious farce," shouted Conservative Leader Ted Heath. "The government is bereft of ideas and fuddy-duddy." Wilson buried his head in mock despair and nearly fell off the bench laughing. Above the roar, Economics Minister George Brown could be heard shouting, "We're on our way, brothers! We're on our way!" Indeed they were. Only the day be- fore, the Prime Minister had done what his party had hoped he would. Capitaliz- ing on the average Briton's unparalleled prosperity and Labor's soaring populari- ty, be called a general election for March 31. The Gallup poll forecast that Wilson would win a 165-seat majority in the 630-seat House. London bookies made Labor a 6-to-1 favorite. Of course, a landslide victory had also been forecast for Harold Wilson's Laborites 17 months ago. Instead, they barely broke 13 years of Tory rule, taking office with only a five-seat ma- shields, the U.S. was understandably anxious to get them all back. To that end, seven hundred U.S. airmen, sol- diers, civilian technicians and Spanish troops were scouring a ten-sq.-mi. coast- al area near Palomares, and 16 ships? including three deep-sea subs?were combing the ocean floor. All they turned up were 200 chunks of metal, ranging from one of the aircraft's latrines to an old man-o'-war cannon ball. In Madrid and Washington, the two governments revealed that only one of the three recovered bombs had actually survived the fall intact. Some of the TNT detonators on the other two had exploded on impact and ruptured the shell casing, permitting some radioac- tive plutonium and uranium to scatter over 18 acres in the impact area. How- ever, there was no cause for alarm, Spain's Nuclear Energy Board quickly assured. Of the 2,000 "potentially ex- posed" people in the area, 1,800 had been examined thus far, and none had received a dangerous dose. What is more, added the board, "there is not the slightest risk in eating meat, fish, TIME, MARCH 11, 1966 KEYSTONE HEATH Full cry. dared to defend the pound with the sim- ple old-fashioned remedy of deflating demand at home. Defying his own anti- war left wing, Wilson has consistently ?often brilliantly?defended the U.S. position in Viet Nam. Refusing to be frightened into precipitate action on Rhodesia, he hopes that economic sanc- tions ultimately will resolve the rebellion without bloodshed. As never before, Britons are expected to vote more for the national party leader and less for the local M.P. If they do this, Labor may indeed be a shoo-in. Since last July's bitter fight for leadership, Heath has failed either to unite the Tories or capture the imagina- tion of the British electorate. On some social issues he has moved to the right, not exactly a vote-getting position. Wil- son, by contrast, has become the very model of a middle-ground politician? homely accent, rumpled, and witty. Still, he refuses to be overly optimistic about the election. How big a majority did he seek, asked a television interviewer. "Just more than three," replied Wilson earnestly. 37 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/24: CIA-RDP79B00752A000300070001-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/24: CIA-RDP79B00752A000300070001-8 as a hopeless non-nation?until oil was neath the deserts. Barren Mauritania may the rich iron and phosphate deposits in its likely nations have been struggling along fo little San Marino smack in the middle of . the Dominican Republic?and there is not their situation will improve. On the other hat country like Switzerland, divided into severa guage and custom, is proof that some fairly dit to nationhood can be surmounted. country, whose Moorish nomads wander after water in passportless circles through neighboring Mali and Algeria. Since every country must have a capital, Mauritania had to build one from scratch: Nouakchott (pop. 8,000), a clump of pastel cubes on a bleak stretch of sand dunes near the coast. In Laos, there are so few trained government elite? about 100 in all?that Cabinet making is essentially a game of musical chairs. Ethnic vivisection abounds nearly every- where. The Somali peoples are split up among Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya and French Somaliland; the Bas-Congo tribe is found in three nations, the Sawaba tribe in four. The reverse can be true as well: Laos, Nigeria and the Sudan, among others, are continuously rent by warring tribes that are unnaturally confined inside the same country. Once in business, a new nation must establish embassies around the globe and send a mission to the U.N.?tasks that frequently exhaust both their finances and talent. Occasion- ally a new nation admits that it just cannot afford the over- head; although it is a U.N. member, Gambia has no U.N. mission, told the Assembly it might not be able to afford the minimum annual U.N. club fee of $40,000. The Maldive Islands near Ceylon are so poor that the U.N. must forward their mail through the Maldivian Philatelic Agency, located in Manhattan down the street from Macy's. Rwanda Presi- dent Gregoire Kayibanda's chief government handicap is even more serious: he has no telephone in his palace in Kigali. Periodically he sends a minister driving off to neigh- boring Uganda to find out what is happening in the world. Rwanda is, however, progressing; until recently, it had only a barter economy based on cows. National pride also engen- ders pretensions as well as problems. Impoverished Da- homey boasts a $6,000,000 Presidential residence that is larger than Buckingham Palace. Mauritania has a Directo- rate of Forests and Waters, though it has no forests and precious little water. Upper Volta refers to its single quarter- mile of dual highway as the Champs Elysees. The Fabric of Corruption Such strutting at government often goes hand in hand with virulent corruption and an Old Boy monopoly of govern- ment jobs. In many countries in both Africa and Asia, every job from minister down to doorman is considered a sinecure to be purchased. Corruption is so much a companion of nationhood in some countries that it has become an integral part of the fabric of government. When the army took over in Nigeria in January, they found that Finance Minister Okotie-Eboh had arbitrarily raised tariffs to protect his own private shoe factory, and for a price was willing to do the same for others. One Laotian general on a salary of $250 a month supported his family and 32 relatives in style?all in the same house?by letting opium smugglers use army trucks and planes to move the stuff. A record of sorts was set by Burma's first, Minister of Commerce and Industry, whose industriousness at graft netted him $800,000 in government funds before independence was yet a year old. With pomp and flummery piled atop economic and eth- nic chaos, democracy inevitably has a hard time. Though nearly all began by being governed in mufti, some dozen of the new postwar nations are now ruled by their military establishments. More and more, the military-officer corps plays the role of constitutional monarchy with emergency power. In the past nine months, seven African nations have b(hello world!!!)